Faerie Lore and Legends

Manitou – the Great Spiritu

Article by Thomas Baurley, Leaf McGowan, Technogypsie Research

In the heart of the Ute and many Algonquian Native American groups, the closest equivalent to the Christian concept of “God” would be the “Great Spirit” or “Manitou”, A God of many names. It is the spiritual and fundamental all-knowing life force, omnipresent, all-seeing, all-existing, and the combined spirit of all organisms, their environments, and life events.

“Aasha Monetoo” – The Great Spirit, divided by “Aashaa monetoo – “The Good Spirit” and otshee monetoo – “the bad spirit”. It is S/he of no sex that gave humanity the land, the sky, and the sea to the people. It was a well-known concept amongst many tribes, especially within the Algonquian family groups, even pre-contact and pre-Christianization by Euro-American contact.

European explorer Thomas Harriot recorded in 1585 in his glossary of the Algonquian language Roanoke the term “mantoac” meaning “Gods”. “Gitche Manitou” in Algonquian refers to “Supreme Being” or “Great Spirit”. In Shamanism, “manitous” (aka “manidoog” or “manidoowag”) are connections that are connected to achieve desired effects such as buffalo manitou for a good hunt, plant manitous for healing, and manidoowag as an aspect of the Great Connection.

The derivatives “manituw” are underwater creatures that were appeased with offerings from hunters for safe passage amongst the Iynu. The Canadian province “Manitoba” is named after Lake Manitoba coming from “manitou-wapow” – the Straight of the Manitou, divine passage through the rocks by the Creator. Manitoulin Island, or “spirit island”, is a very sacred place to the Ojibway or Anishinaabe tribes where they have placed sounding rocks and created sacred sites.

Fox Indians believed the manitou lived in the grandfather stones of the sweat lodge. When one heats the rocks, the heat of the fire forces manitou to come out of its place within the stones. It is released from the stones when water is added, following the steam, and entering the human body. Once inside, it moves all over the body driving out everything that inflicts pain. Before it returns to the stone, it imparts some of its nature to the body. This is why “manitou” is seen from volcanic waters, heated waters, or mineral springs as carrying a ride within the waters, entering the human body when it is drunk, and then healing the body in the process. The Colorado village of “Manitou Springs” is named after the local tribes’ belief that Manitou – the Great Spirit blessed itself in the mineral waters that rise up from the karst topography as a healing spirit – once drank into the body, cleansing, purifying, and healing the body as it travels within.

Manitou is also called “Wakan Tanka” amongst the Sioux tribes, Gitche Manitou in Algonquian, and other names around the varying peoples. Even though there is much evidence that many tribes and peoples, mostly Algonquian, believed in this concept, and being before Christianity affected their belief systems, other scientists believe that not all tribes believed in a supreme being until after the 18th century. It was during the 18th century that many saw the “Great Spirit” an anthropomorphic celestial deity who ruled over the world.